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What is Reconstructive Surgery?

The word "rebuild" is derived from the Latin words "re" (again) + "construo" (I am building). In conclusion, it means building something new or repairing something broken. It can be used as a verb or a noun. In medicine, reconstruction is often used to describe surgery in which tissues are implanted into an area that had no tissue before surgery. However, the term can also be used in other situations.

Reconstructive surgery describes the use of surgical techniques to restore these areas of the body that have lost their shape and function. In the broadest sense, it can be defined as one of the two main branches of plastic surgery together with aesthetic surgery. Reconstructive surgeons are specially trained in the use of reconstructive techniques and are qualified to deal with trauma-related and congenital defects.

Reconstructive surgery is the application of plastic surgery principles to repair physical defects caused by trauma, birth defects, burns, cancer or infectious diseases. Unlike cosmetic surgery, reconstructive surgery (usually applied to elective and healthy patients) is applied to individuals who experience a disease or defect that leaves their body with an abnormal appearance.

What Does Reconstructive Surgery Mean?

Reconstructive surgery can refer to a number of different procedures that involve reshaping an area of ​​the body. These operations are usually performed by both cosmetic and plastic surgeons with different specialties. For example, a surgeon may decide to specialize in reattaching amputated limbs or repairing a cleft lip and palate. A common complaint of many is that it can be difficult to determine a surgeon's level of expertise in plastic surgery. This is because there is no board certification for this particular specialty, and many surgeons choose to "subspecialize" in an area in which they are interested or have extensive experience. The most common subspecialties include burns, hand surgery, cleft lip and palate, craniofacial surgery. (such as plastic reconstruction of the face), pediatric plastic surgery, soft tissue and microsurgery.

Reconstructive procedures can be divided into three groups according to whether they involve a change in the shape or function of the body:

Plastic surgery is classified as a sub-branch of reconstructive surgery as it involves reshaping the body, while reconstructive surgery (where appropriate) is classified as a field of general surgery with specific applications. A plastic surgeon who specializes in cosmetic or reconstructive procedures may also perform other procedures that are not considered cosmetic or reconstructive. These include:

For example, if a plastic surgeon performs nose reconstruction and repositioning in addition to rhinoplasty, it is considered a single procedure rather than two separate procedures. A second example is breast reconstruction surgery after mastectomy. Breast reconstruction is the process of replacing breast tissue after surgical removal of a primary tumor within the breast itself. During this surgery, the plastic surgeon will first remove the cancerous tissue, then restore the appearance using implants, tissue expanders, or medical tattoos to reconstruct a nipple and areola. Medical tattooing is a relatively new method that uses tattoos to create a realistic-looking nipple and areola in some patients who have undergone a lumpectomy or mastectomy (removal of all or part of the breast). If necessary, the plastic surgeon can use additional techniques to reconstruct the remaining parts of the breast. For example, the surgeon may choose to remove any scar tissue and then use dissolvable sutures to reconstruct the removed breast area.

A full list of operations that are considered cosmetic in their own right include:

While plastic surgery is not always considered a mandatory part of reconstructive surgery, most plastic surgeons work with other specialists to offer a complete range of procedures. For example, if the plastic surgeon performs nose reconstruction and repositioning in addition to rhinoplasty, it is considered a single procedure rather than two separate procedures.

Some plastic surgeons are not qualified or licensed to perform reconstructive procedures, but they can advise patients on which procedures are right for them.

Reconstructive surgery can be performed by general surgeons and in some cases should only be performed by people with special training in this type of surgery.

Unlike plastic surgeons, general reconstructive surgeons are not specialists, but may have completed intensive training in one or more types of reconstructive surgery. For example, the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons has established a post-fellowship training program in Head and Neck Reconstruction Surgery. Doctors participating in this program are certified as Head and Neck Reconstruction Specialists and are considered to have specific expertise in these procedures.

In many countries it is difficult to determine whether a plastic surgeon has specific experience in performing reconstructive procedures. For example, only doctors who have completed residency training in plastic surgery can perform breast reconstruction after mastectomy.

Conditions Most Commonly Treated by Reconstructive Surgery

Reconstructive surgery is used to treat a variety of conditions. The most commonly treated conditions are:

Post-mastectomy reconstructive surgery is known as breast reconstruction and is used to replace tissue that was removed during the surgical removal of a cancerous tumor from the breast. This procedure has two main purposes, the first is functional in nature and the second is cosmetic. The functional aim is to reconstruct one or both breasts and restore normal appearance after mastectomy.

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